How does Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) differ from traditional CBT in its aims and techniques?

• A. ACT emphasizes acceptance of internal experiences, values-driven action, and cognitive defusion; uses experiential exercises and mindfulness.
• B. ACT emphasizes elimination of distressing thoughts through cognitive restructuring.
• C. ACT relies on pharmacotherapy as the primary mechanism.
• D. ACT focuses on dream interpretation.

Answer: (A)

ACT centers on psychological flexibility—the ability to stay present, accept internal experiences, and act in line with personal values even when distress is present. It differs from traditional CBT in its aims and techniques: rather than trying to eliminate distress by changing the content of thoughts through cognitive restructuring, ACT focuses on changing the relationship to thoughts and feelings so they no longer overwhelm behavior. Techniques include acceptance of private experiences, cognitive defusion to see thoughts as mental events rather than literal truths, mindfulness practices, values clarification, and committed action. Experiential exercises and metaphors are used to cultivate this flexible stance, emphasizing action guided by values over altering thought content. The goal is to live a meaningful life despite discomfort, rather than to eradicate symptoms; pharmacotherapy or dream interpretation are not central to ACT.